使用 pypiserver 快速搭建内网离线 pypi 仓库实践

[wsgzao]

前言

本文介绍了如何快速搭建一个 pypiserver，通过自建 pypiserver，我们可以解决网络环境不好，或者离线无法安装 python 包的问题。如果结合最新的 GitLab CI/CD 和 pipenv 我相信各位还可以玩出更多的花样。

pypiserver - minimal PyPI server for use with pip/easy_install

更新记录

2018 年 04 月 12 日 - 初稿

阅读原文 - https://wsgzao.github.io/post/pypiserver/

扩展阅读

pypiserver - https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver

pypiserver 简介

pypiserver is a minimal PyPI compatible server for pip or easy_install. It is based on bottle and serves packages from regular directories. Wheels, bdists, eggs and accompanying PGP-signatures can be uploaded either with pip, setuptools, twine, pypi-uploader, or simply copied with scp.

pypiserver 服务端配置

如果你的 Linux 环境缺少 Python 2.7 可以参考我的文章直接离线升级至最新版本

Python 2.6 升级至 Python 2.7 的实践心得 https://wsgzao.github.io/post/python-2-6-update-to-2-7/

pypiserver > 1.2.x works with python 2.7 and 3.3+ or pypy. Older python-versions may still work, but they are not tested. For legacy python versions, use pypiserver-1.1.x series.

# 替换 pip 为阿里云，感概豆瓣的时代已经过去
tee ~/.pip/pip.conf <<-'EOF'
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host= mirrors.aliyun.com
EOF

# 直接在线安装 pypiserver
pip install pypiserver
# 离线下载 pypiserver
mkdir /tmp/pypiserver
pip install -d /tmp/pypiserver/ pypiserver

# Copy packages into this directory.
mkdir ~/packages
# Copy some packages into your ~/packages folder and then get your pypiserver up and running:
pypi-server -p 8080 ~/packages &

pypiserver 客户端配置

## Download and Install hosted packages.
pip install  --extra-index-url http://localhost:8080/simple/ ...

# or
pip install --extra-index-url http://localhost:8080

## Search hosted packages
pip search --index http://localhost:8080 ...

# 个人推荐的配置
tee ~/.pip/pip.conf <<-'EOF'
[global]
index-url = http://172.28.70.126/simple
extra-index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = 172.28.70.126
EOF

pypiserver 进阶配置

pypiserver Running as a systemd service

https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver#running-as-a-systemd-service

Adjusting the paths and adding this file as pypiserver.service into your systemd/system directory will allow management of the pypiserver process with systemctl, e.g. systemctl start pypiserver.

More useful information about systemd can be found at https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-systemctl-to-manage-systemd-services-and-units

# 安装需要的包
yum install nginx -y
pip install passlib pypiserver gunicorn

# 创建 pypiserver 服务方便服务启停管理
tee /usr/lib/systemd/system/pypiserver.service <<-'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
PIDFile=/run/pypiserver.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 \
    --pid /run/pypiserver.pid \
    -b :10012 \
    'pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")'
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target 
EOF

# Warning: pypiserver.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.
systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动 pypiserver 服务
systemctl enable pypiserver.service
systemctl start pypiserver.service
systemctl status pypiserver.service

# 停止 pypiserver 服务
systemctl disable pypiserver.service
systemctl stop pypiserver.service
systemctl status pypiserver.service

[root@centos7 run]# systemctl status pypiserver.service
● pypiserver.service - gunicorn daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/pypiserver.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2018-04-13 15:14:08 CST; 859ms ago
 Main PID: 22524 (gunicorn)
   CGroup: /system.slice/pypiserver.service
           ├─22524 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22530 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22531 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22532 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22533 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22534 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22535 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22536 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22537 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22538 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           ├─22539 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")
           └─22540 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/gunicorn -w16 --pid /run/pypiserver.pid -b :10012 pypiserver:app(root="/var/www/pypi")

Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22531] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22531
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22532] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22532
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22533] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22533
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22534] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22534
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22535] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22535
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22536] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22536
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22537] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22537
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22538] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22538
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22539] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22539
Apr 13 15:14:08 centos7 gunicorn[22524]: [2018-04-13 15:14:08 +0000] [22540] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 22540
[root@centos7 run]# netstat -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1517/dnsmasq        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      977/sshd            
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      978/cupsd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1383/master         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19378/sshd: root@pt 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10012           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22524/python        
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      977/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      978/cupsd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1383/master         
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN      19378/sshd: root@pt 

# 检查 pypiserver 服务
cd /var/www/pypi
# 向仓库中添加 python package
[root@centos7 pypi]# pip download pypiserver
Collecting pypiserver
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/d7/78/5772432dad2b9e754ab92f4d301fa507069b9decc8c943c1b18c2043ff4f/pypiserver-1.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (83kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 643kB/s 
  Saved ./pypiserver-1.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Successfully downloaded pypiserver

[root@centos7 pypi]# ll
total 84
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 83529 Apr 13 14:55 pypiserver-1.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

# 搜索刚才下载的 package
[root@centos7 pypi]# pip search -i http://127.0.0.1:10012 pypiserver
pypiserver (1.2.1)  - 1.2.1
  INSTALLED: 1.2.1 (latest)

# 配置 nginx 做反向代理
tee /etc/nginx/conf.d/pypi.conf <<-'EOF'
upstream pypiserver {
  server 127.0.0.1:10012;
}

server {
  listen 10087;

  # disable any limits to avoid HTTP 413 for large package uploads
  client_max_body_size 0;

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://pypiserver/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

    # When setting up pypiserver behind other proxy, such as an Nginx instance, remove the below line if the proxy already has similar settings.
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

    proxy_buffering off;
    proxy_request_buffering off;
  }

  location /packages/ {
    alias /var/www/pypi; # static file
  }
}
EOF

# 启动 nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx
systemctl status nginx

# 检查 nginx 服务
pip search -i http://172.28.79.126:10087 pypiserver
pypiserver (1.2.1)  - 1.2.1
  INSTALLED: 1.2.1 (latest)

[lfzyx]

2018 年 04 月 12 日
Python 2.7

[wellsc]

Docker container 也很好用

[z550665887]

我记得当初测试 pypiserver 对于本地没有缓存的 pip 包的 pip install 请求会返回一个官网(默认)的源下载链接。对于无法访问公网的服务器来说这个 pip install 请求不会生效。。。
后来采用 docker 启的 devpi 服务完美解决的。

[julyclyde]

2.6 升级到 2.7 居然还能有心得？？
python 的安装做的有那么差吗？
python 还会完善 yum 的设置？越俎代庖还是你没搞清楚这俩东西没关联？

为什么那么爱好“离线包”、“上传到网盘”？
你制作的离线包，你会继续投入精力去持续更新吗？已经放出去的旧版本链接，你能召回吗？

[wsgzao]

@julyclyde #4 Blog 本身记录的是一种方法和解决问题的思路，很少有人可以持续更新技术类笔记，只是作为一个参考，我本来也觉得不是很复杂的东西但有时候就是会采坑，所以记录一点简单实用的，很复杂的技术自己放在笔记里和公司内部团队共享就好了

[wsgzao]

@z550665887 #3 pip search --index http://localhost:8080，我们内部用 GitLab+Jenkins 做团队开发的时候是通过 fabfile 写在脚本里执行的，等后续研究透彻 GitLab CI/CD + pipenv 的新方法后再做分享

[julyclyde]

@wsgzao 问题是，你的“因为 Python 2.7.13 以后版本会自动完善 yum 配置，所以不必参考以前的网上文章去修改其他地方”既没有正确的说明（你以为的） python 和 yum 的关系，也没说“以前网上文章”哪些内容是不再需要的，你这样的写法并不能起到记录的作用

[wsgzao]

@julyclyde #7 Sorry，我点我确实没有做好，因为在 Python 官方安装的方法中没有看到有 FQ 提示，而 Google 搜索到的大部分信息都是通过修改软连接修复，将#!/usr/bin/python 修改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.6，我也没想太多，就以实际情况为主，没有去思考深沉次的原因

[julyclyde]

@wsgzao 现在，新装的 2.7 可以在以前 2.6 的 site-packages 目录里成功找到 yum 的源码了吗？

[wsgzao]

@julyclyde #9 从路径上来看应该是独立的，官方倒是也没有说明优化了哪些安装的方式，我实际测试从 python2.6 升级至 python2.7.13 没有问题，然后最近又升级到 python2.7.14 也是直接编译安装，相当顺利，后续估计要开始测试 python2.7 和 python3.6 使用 pipenv 共存的问题，估计又要折腾好久了

``` bash
test101@JQ/root#whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
test101@JQ/root#cat /usr/bin/yum
#!/usr/bin/python

test101@JQ/root#find / -name python
/usr/share/doc/m2crypto-0.20.2/demo/ZopeX3/install_dir/lib/python
/usr/share/doc/m2crypto-0.20.2/demo/Zope27/install_dir/lib/python
/usr/share/doc/m2crypto-0.20.2/demo/Zope/lib/python
/usr/share/gdb/python
/usr/local/bin/python
/usr/bin/python
/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/pipenv-qb5OO9ES/bin/python
/root/Python-2.7.14-pip/Python-2.7.14/python
test101@JQ/root#find / -name site-packages
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages
/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/pipenv-qb5OO9ES/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/root/Python-2.7.14-pip/Python-2.7.14/Lib/site-packages

```

[julyclyde]

@wsgzao 所以你的文章是既没有提到原有的问题，也没有论证新版没有这个问题，就直接武断的下结论说没问题？然后还要作为经验推广？
从你用 whereis 和 find 的做法来看，我猜你大概不知道 python 的 import 是从什么路径里找文件的？